Using the declining product sales of cigarettes the tobacco industry continues to be promoting other styles of combustible and smokeless tobacco to current and former cigarette smokers. or snuff (AOR 1.14 95 CI 1.01-1.28) before season. The association of smoking cigarettes status with various other cigarette make use of differed by income level (relationship term p worth < 0.001). Among lower-income groups current smokers were much more likely to use snuff and cigars in comparison to previous smokers. Among the best income group former smokers were as more likely to use smokeless cigarette as current smokers simply. The differing patterns useful of various other cigarette between current and previous IKBKG smokers by income level highlight a dependence on research to comprehend the motivations for the usage of the products and their function in smoking cigarettes cessation. Keywords: Cigars Income Smokeless cigarette Cigarette cessation 1 Launch As cigarette product sales have dropped the cigarette industry has elevated marketing and advertising of other styles of combustible (e.g. cigars roll-your-own tobacco and pipe tobacco) (Wenger Malone & Bero 2001 and smokeless tobacco (e.g. snuff or chewing tobacco) as a way to maintain earnings among cigarette smokers (Carpenter Connolly Ayo-Yusuf & Wayne 2009 Mejia & Ling 2009 Between 2000 and 2011 cigarette consumption decreased by 32.8% whereas consumption of combustible tobacco products such as cigars increased by 123.1% (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012 Unlike cigar use smokeless tobacco use has remained stable in the last decade (Tomar 2010 Tobacco industry advertising has promoted the use of smokeless tobacco as an alternative to cigarette smoking in areas where smoking is prohibited (Mejia & Ling 2009 Loose leaf chewing tobacco and moist TG 100801 snuff are the most common forms of smokeless tobacco (Maxwell 2010 Concurrent use of smokes and other tobacco products is common among certain populations including young men those with low incomes and low educational attainment TG 100801 (Backinger Fagan O’Connell Grana Lawrence Bishop et al. 2008 McClave-Regan & Berkowitz 2011 Mushtaq Williams & Beebe 2012 Rath Villanti Abrams & Vallone 2012 Richardson Xiao & Vallone 2012 Tomar Alpert & Connolly 2010 Although dual cigarette and cigar smokers may be more likely to make quit attempts they appear to be less TG 100801 successful at quitting smoking compared to cigarette only smokers (Richardson et al. 2012 While some studies have suggested that switching from smokes to smokeless tobacco may provide a means for smoking cessation (Rodu & Phillips 2008 others have shown that dual cigarette and smokeless users have less desire to stop smoking (McClave-Regan & Berkowitz 2011 and TG 100801 are less likely to quit tobacco use (Wetter McClure de Moor Cofta-Gunn Cummings Cinciripini et al. 2002 Among recent former smokers other tobacco may be used to maintain nicotine dependence after a quit attempt (Mumford Levy Gitchell & Blackman 2005 and may potentially contribute to relapse to smoking (Zhu Wang Hartman Zhuang Gamst Gibson et al. 2009 Several studies have examined the differential use of other tobacco by income level among current smokers. In nationally representative samples of current smokers use of other tobacco was higher among those with annual incomes less than $20 0 compared to those with higher incomes (Backinger et al. 2008 McClave-Regan & Berkowitz 2011 Considering that various other cigarette make use of may donate to relapse additionally it is important TG 100801 to research make use of among previous smokers by income level. The differential contact with marketing and option of various other cigarette items to low income populations can lead to differing make use of patterns with income level (Apollonio & Malone 2005 Cigarette industry advertising strategies consist of distributing discounts for smoking with meals stamps and price cut presents at point-of-sale providing free smoking to providers that provide populations disproportionately suffering from cigarette make use of and creating item advertisements that are directed toward low-income populations (Apollonio & Malone 2005 Brown-Johnson Britain Glantz & Ling 2014 John Cheney & Azad 2009 Such strategies have already been been shown to be associated with elevated cigarette make use of among low-income populations (Cornelius Driezen Fong Chaloupka Hyland Bansal-Travers et al. 2013 Lee Turner Uses up & Lee 2007 Within this study we looked into whether tendencies in various other cigarette make use of (cigars snuff gnawing cigarette) mixed by income level in the 2006.