Categories
DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase

The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper

The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. The author(s) have made the following disclosure (s): John H. arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and refractory uveitis of diverse etiologies, such as Beh?ets disease, sarcoidosis, VogtCKoyanagiCHarada disease, birdshot chorioretinopathy, scleritis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, and orbital pseudotumor/myositis.5C19 In order to evaluate the impact of adalimumab on ocular inflammatory disease, using recommended analytic methods,20 we report, herein, outcomes of 32 patients with numerous ocular inflammatory diseases treated with adalimumab. METHODS The Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Vision Diseases (SITE) Cohort Study is a multicenter cohort study, whose methods have been explained previously.21 Patients treated with adalimumab in this cohort (which Sebacic acid has follow-up through 2007) were included in this analysis. All data were collected by a retrospective chart review and joined on standardized data access forms for statistical analysis. The data obtained include demographic characteristics of the patients at presentation; the diagnosis and clinical features of the ocular inflammatory disease for each patient; period of disease and follow-up; history of previous immunosuppressive drug therapy; use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs (including adalimumab); and control of and steps of Sebacic acid inflammation at each visit. The study was performed with the approval of the Institutional Review Boards of each Sebacic acid study center. Inflammatory status was categorized as active (corresponding to findings, such as anterior chamber cells of 1+ or higher, vitreous haze of 1+ or more, or explained by terms such as active, worsening inflammation, or disease progression); or inactive (as noted by terms such as silent, quiescent, no cells, and no active inflammation) for every vision at every visit based on the clinicians paperwork at each visit, as explained previously.22 Control of inflammation was defined as the absence of either active or slightly active ocular inflammation sustained for at least 28 days during treatment with adalimumab, regardless of the dose of prednisone or the use of other immunosuppressive drugs. Corticosteroid-sparing success was evaluated based on time-to-reduction of the prednisone (or prednisone-equivalent) dose to 10 mg/day; 5 mg/day; or 0 mg with sustained control of the ocular inflammation observed over a period Sebacic acid of at least 28 days, among those at risk (not meeting each respective criterion for success at the outset). Adalimumab was administered at the standard dose of 40 mg subcutaneously every other week, except in two patients who received 40 mg every week. Dates of discontinuation of adalimumab and the reasons for discontinuation were noted. Frequencies of Rabbit polyclonal to pdk1 variables were tabulated for the study populace using SAS (version 8.2, Cary, NC). Time-to-event outcomes and incidence rates were calculated using survival analysis in a by-eye or by-person analysis as appropriate for the outcome of interest. The 95% confidence intervals are indicated by placing the lower and upper bound of the confidence intervals as subscripts before and after each estimate. RESULTS In total, 32 patients who started adalimumab during follow-up were identified, with or without topical or systemic corticosteroids or concomitant immunomodulatory therapy. The demographic and clinical characteristics of this cohort are summarized in Table 1 which explains individual characteristics. The mean age was 42 years (range: 4C74 years), and the majority were white (78.1%) and female (68.7%). Anterior uveitis was the most common diagnosis in affected eyes (46.9%), followed by scleritis (28.1%) and intermediate and posterior/panuveitis (9.4% each), with bilateral (or alternating) disease occurring in the majority of patients (78.1%). The mean interval between diagnosis of ocular inflammation and initiation of adalimumab therapy was 6.9 years (range 0C36 years). Most patients experienced received Sebacic acid either topical or systemic steroids (84.4%), and had been treated with at least one immunomodulatory agent (87.5%), prior to starting adalimumab therapy. TABLE 1 Presenting characteristics.